How does pathology relate to anatomy and physiology​

Why People Get Sick 

In order to properly analyze an aesthetic of the body in any condition, there’s a need to specialize in three main areas, those being: anatomy, physiology, and pathology.These are interconnected fields which give an individual a stronger insight into the being’s composite structure. The goal of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease is multifaceted and depends upon a synthesis of these disciplines . This article will further examine the principles of these disciplines and explore the relation they share introganism and focus on explaining how these approaches complement each other.

Anatomy: The Mapping of the Human Form

This particular branch of biology analyses the organization of the body by elaborating the details on how many organs, tissue and cell there are and what their purpose is and more importantly what their roles are to a human being. This particular branch of anatomy studies the proportions, geography and modelling of these structures of the human body. Anatomy provides the essential framework for understanding how the body is built. 

Anatomy: Mapping the human

• Naked Anatomy: This branch focuses on the physical structures like organs and organ systems. 
• Anatomy for Dummies: This is a branch where a further investigation is done into the organization and the composition of tissues and cells using a microscope.

Physiology: How is the Body Perfectly Designed

Anatomy specializes in the activity of a certain body part, from the organs to cells, what exactly they do, both mechanically and chemically, and how all of those body parts functioning together affects the organism as a whole.

Physiology covers how the body operates.

• Cellular Physiology: The metabolic processes performed, the functions of communication, reproduction, and all other functions of a cell are included in this part since it targets the activities of a single cell.
• Systemic Physiology: Investigates the roles that particular organ systems advance in such as the heart and blood vessels, lungs and the airways, stomach, intestines and accessories glands and how they integrate together towards achieving equilibrium.

Pathology: Different types of diseases 

This concerns the analysis of the disease including its root causes, its mechanisms and the impact that it has on the host. It brings apart the underlying concepts like physiology and anatomy and takes concepts such as diagnosis and treating. Pathology seeks to know why there is a deviation from the normal structure and physiology of the organism. 

• Etiology: This seeks to determine the root causes of a disease and this can be due to genetics, the environment or even any infectious sources.
• Pathogenesis: It tries to assess the processes in which diseases occur and also progress with time.
• Morphological Changes: These include alterations in structures of cells, tissues and even organs when a disease sets in.
• Functional Derangements: These include the normal physiological activities of the body and how a disease changes them.

The Inter Relation: A Deeper Understanding

The field of Pathology is linked with an understanding of anatomy and physiology. Physically observable phenomena, such as structural change i.e. disease, are often regarded as functional changes i.e. disease during practice. 

• Disease and Its Structural Changes: There is a wide range of diseases, all of which can modify the core structure of cells or grossly affect the anatomy of organs, many of which result in differences in the function of the body. Such as how a malignant tumor at the bronchi can cause a bronchus lung to replace the primary structure of pulmonary tissues. 
• Disease and Its Functional Changes: Physical anatomy changes related to lung cancer can also obstruct air flow from the lungs which makes it hard to breath, during respiration which is obstructed in a physiological normal process. 

Case Studies of the Inter Relation

• Cardiovascular Disease: Atherosclerosis, one of the most prevalent arterial diseases which is considered as a form of pathology, is characterized by arterial lumen narrowing which is an anatomical alteration that decreases the circulation of blood to other parts of the body including the organs. 
• Diabetes Mellitus: refers to a group of metabolic disorders with a pathology and insulin resistance as glucose metabolism disorders which lead to other dysregulations of the metabolism such as deranged but ultimately anatomical changes like the destruction of blood vessels and nerves with time.
• Infectious Diseases:These have been caused by infections such as bacteria, viruses or fungi which may cause inflammation and damage to your tissue, alterations to your muscular structure along with posed physiological symptoms such as fever, organ failure , pain and so on.

The importance of relations within anatomy, physiology and pathology

For healthcare providers, blending and having proficiency on the relationship amongst anatomy, physiology and pathology such as 

• Diagnosing disease: Patients can easily be diagnosed by their condition through clinicians who know how to consider the physiological or the anatomical change that correlates certain conditions. 
• Conceiving treatment strategies: The pathology of the disease helps in the devising of an effective management plan that can focus on the causation of the disease and also restore the functionality of that body part.
• Disease prevention: Other strategies that can be employed in lessening the probability of getting sick include understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the onset of a disease which aids in avoiding such outcomes.

Summary Table

Discipline	Focus	Description	Relationship to Pathology
Anatomy	Structure of the body	Study of organs, tissues, and cells; their organization, relationships, and macroscopic/microscopic features. The body’s “blueprint.”	Pathology identifies structural changes (morphology) caused by disease, which are deviations from normal anatomy.
Physiology	Function of the body	Study of the chemical and physical processes within cells, tissues, and organs; how they contribute to overall function and maintain homeostasis. The body’s “operating manual.”	Pathology studies the functional derangements (physiological changes) caused by disease, which are disruptions of normal physiological processes.
Pathology	Disease	Study of the causes, mechanisms, and effects of disease on the body. Bridges basic sciences and clinical practice. Explains deviations from normal.	Pathology relies on anatomical knowledge to understand structural changes and physiological knowledge to understand functional impairments caused by disease. It’s the study of what goes wrong.

 

Conclusion

Anatomy, Pathology and Physiology complement one another in the quest to understand human biology in both healthy and diseased states. Always, anatomy is the first point, physiology comes next, while pathology says there is alteration of normal anatomy and physiology due to a disease. A better understanding of the connections of the fields of medicine enables physicians to properly diagnose new cases, treat them and also estimate the likelihood of encountering such cases in the future. This is how knowledge in medicine is developed and the quality of medical services is improved.